How to pronounce 何
-
The kanji character 何 basically reads なに (nani), and it means “what”. But there are circumstances where you have to pronounce it なん (nan) instead. Let’s look at those circumstances.1. 何 is pronounced なん (nan) when a counter/classifier follows.e.g. 何人(なんにん nannin)- how many people, 何冊(なんさつ nansatsu) - how many books2. A lot of times, 何 is pronounced なん (nan) when the following sounds follow:
- だ (da) e.g. 何だろう。(なんだろう Nan daroo.) I wonder what it is.
- です (desu) e.g. 何ですか。(なんですか Nan desu ka.) What is it?
- で (de) e.g. なんで? Why?
- と (to) e.g. 何と読みますか。 (なんとよみますか Nan to yomimasu ka.)How do you read it?
- の (no) e.g. 何の話ですか。 (なんのはなしですか Nan no hanashi desu ka.)What do you want to tell me? (lit. What topic is it?)
- に (ni) e.g. 何にでも使えます。(なんにでもつかえます Nan ni demo tsukaemasu.)It can be used for everything.
- か (ka) e.g. なんか変です。 (なんかへんです Nan ka hen desu.)It seems kind of weird.
However, they are not absolute rules. There are cases where you pronounce なに (nani) even when the above sounds follow:- 何か飲み物はありますか。(なにかのみものはありますか Nani ka nomimono wa arimasu ka.)Do you have anything to drink?
- 何かご用ですか? (なにかごようですか Nani ka goyoo desu ka.)Do you need something?
- 飲み物は何にしますか。(のみものはなににしますか Nomimono wa nani ni shimasu ka.)What would you like to drink?
- 何で会社に行きますか。 (なにでかいしゃにいきますか Nani de kaisha ni ikimasu ka.)How do you go to work?
* Note that when it’s pronounced なんで (nan de), it means “why”, and when it’s pronounced なにで (nani de), it means “by what method”