How to pronounce 何
  • Sakura August 2012
    The kanji character basically reads なに (nani), and it means “what”. But there are circumstances where you have to pronounce it なん (nan) instead. Let’s look at those circumstances.

    1. 何 is pronounced なん (nan) when a counter/classifier follows. 
    e.g. 何人なんにん nannin)- how many people, 何冊なんさつ nansatsu) - how many books


    2. A lot of times, is pronounced なん (nan) when the following sounds follow:

    • (da) e.g. 何だろう。なんだろう Nan daroo.) I wonder what it is. 
    • です (desu) e.g. 何ですか。なんですか Nan desu ka.) What is it?
    • (de) e.g. なんで? Why?
    • (to) e.g. 何と読みますか。なんとよみますか Nan to yomimasu ka.)How do you read it?
    • (no) e.g. 何の話ですか。なんのはなしですか Nan no hanashi desu ka.)What do you want to tell me? (lit. What topic is it?)
    • に (ni) e.g.  何にでも使えます。なんにでもつかえます Nan ni demo tsukaemasu.)It can be used for everything.
    • か (ka) e.g.  なんか変です。なんかへんです Nan ka hen desu.)It seems kind of weird. 

    However, they are not absolute rules. There are cases where you pronounce なに (nani) even when the above sounds follow:

    • 何か飲み物はありますか。なにかのみものはありますか Nani ka nomimono wa arimasu ka.)Do you have anything to drink?
    • 何かご用ですか?なにかごようですか Nani ka goyoo desu ka.)Do you need something?
    • 飲み物は何にしますか。のみものはなににしますか Nomimono wa nani ni shimasu ka.)What would you like to drink?
    • 何で会社に行きますか。 なにでかいしゃにいきますか Nani de kaisha ni ikimasu ka.)How do you go to work?

    * Note that when it’s pronounced なんで (nan de), it means “why”, and when it’s pronounced なにで (nani de), it means “by what method”