Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/categories/portuguese/feed.rss Thu, 18 Aug 16 03:55:38 -0400 Portuguese en-CA Gíria - Slang in Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/915/giria-slang-in-portuguese Mon, 01 Aug 2016 17:58:18 -0400 Dulce1 915@/community/discussions




Gíria, or slang, is an essential part of any language. The nature of slang is transitory, showing how organic a language is, so as new terms appear, others are discarded and soon forgotten. There are however, some terms that remain and become common expressões idiomáticas, idiomatic expressions


Here are some expressions Brazilians use in everyday, informal conversation.


1. Pão duro, stingy. Literally meaning ”hard bread”, this expression is used as a light offense. For example: Não seja pão duro! Deixe mais gorjeta! Don’t be stingy! Leave a larger tip!


2. Dar um rolê, take a walk. For example: Quer dar um rolê no parque hoje à tarde? Do you want to go for a walk in the park later this afternoon?


3. Pagar o pato, take the blame. Literally meaning to pay the duck, this funny expression is widely used in Brazil. For example: O meu irmãozinho faz coisa errada e eu sempre pago o pato. My little brother does something wrong and I always take the blame. 


4. Dar as caras, to show up. Cara means face, so this expression is used when talking about attending or being absent from an event. For example: O Jair foi convidado para a festa, mas não deu as caras. Jair was invited to the party but didn’t show up.


5. Estar por fora, to be unfamiliar with, not be up to date on a topic. For example: Minha avó está por for a sobre as novas redes sociais. My grandmother is unfamiliar with the new social network sites. 


6. Bater perna, walk around. Bater means to beat, to hit and perna means leg, so it’s no surprise that this expression is used to talk about walking around a lot. For example: Quando eu vou para Paris o que mais faço é bater perna. When I go to Paris, the thing I do most is walk.


Can you guess the meaning of Maria vai com as outras? Hint: a person without his or her own ___________.

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Tem or têm? Mais or mas? - More Commonly Confused Portuguese Words http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/906/tem-or-tems-mais-or-mass-more-commonly-confused-portuguese-words Wed, 06 Jul 2016 17:56:27 -0400 Dulce1 906@/community/discussions Here are some more words that even native speakers commonly mix up. 

1. tem x têm – to have

Tem, presente do verbo ter é usado com a segunda e a terceiras pessoa do singular.  Tem is the present of the verb ter, to have, and is used with the second and third person singular.

Example: Ele tem um gato e um cachorro. Você tem um animal de estimação? He has a cat and a dog. Do you have a pet?

Têm, presente do verbo ter, é usado com a segunda e a terceira pessoa do plural. Têm is also the present of the verb ter, to have, but it is used with the second and third person plural.

Example: Elas têm muito trabalho hoje. Vocês têm que trabalhar muito hoje, também? They have a lot of work today. Do you all have to work a lot today, too?

The singular tem is pronounced the same as the plural têm.

2. mas x mais

Mas significa entretanto, but / however.

Example: Eu queria ir a praia, mas está chovendo. I wanted to go to the beach, but it was raining.

Mais significa uma quantidade ou qualidade maior. Mais means more of a quantity or quality.

Example: Você quer mais sorvete? Do you want more ice-cream?

Ir de taxi é mais caro do que ir de ônibus. Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.

 3. a gente x agente

a gente = nós, we

 Example: A gente precisa conversar. We need to talk.

This is an informal way to say "we" and the verb is conjugated in the third person singular, not in the first person plural as with nós: Nós precisamos conversar, we need to talk.

agente = profissão, agent / profession

Example: O meu primo trabalha como agente de turismo. My cousin is a travel agent.

4. seção x sessão

seção = uma parte / um segmento / divisão, section / a parte / a segment / a division

Example: Em que seção do supermercado posso encontrar este produto? In which section of the supermarket can I find this product?

sessão = período / tempo de duração, session / a period of time in which something happens.

Example: Qual sessão de cinema você prefere: das 19:00 ou das 21:00? Which movie session do you prefer: 7 pm or 9 pm?

5. meio x meia

meio = maneira / método, means / manner / medium

Example: Qual meio é mais utilizado pelo artista? What medium does the artist use the most?

meio =  metade + substantivo masculino: meio dia / minuto / segundo, half + a masculine noun: half a day / a minute / second

Example: Eu gostaria de comprar meio quilo de carne. I’d like to buy half a kilo of beef.

meia = metade + substantivo feminino: meia hora / meia garrafa, half + a feminine noun: half an hour / bottle

Example: Ele não  quer uma salada inteira. Ele quer só meia salada. He doesn’t want a whole salad. He only wants half of the salad.

Can you think of any other similar pairs that confuse you?



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Por que or porque ? Commonly confused words in Português http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/893/por-que-or-porque-s-commonly-confused-words-in-portugues Tue, 07 Jun 2016 11:22:52 -0400 Dulce1 893@/community/discussions





Some words or expressions in Portuguese are commonly confused even by native speakers. Just like in English, sometimes they’re /there /there might be confused.


Here are five of the top commonly confused words with explanations and examples that can help you eliminate doubts about when to use them. 


1. por que x porque


por que separado é usado para perguntas


Ex: Por que você telefonou?


separate it means why -- used in questions


Ex: Why did you call?


porque junto é usado para respostas


Ex: Eu telefonei porque quero sua ajuda.


together it means because -- used in answers


Ex: I called because I want your help.


2. mau x mal


mau é um adjetivo masculino - o contrario de bom 


Ex: O lobo mau vai atacar!


bad -- a masculine adjective – the opposite of good


Ex: The bad wolf is going to attack!


má é um adjetivo feminino - o contrario de boa


Ex: A sopa não está má.


bad -- a feminine adjective -- the opposite of good


Ex: The soup isn't bad.


mal  é um advérbio – o contrario de bem


Ex: Ele estacionou muito mal.


badly is an adverb – the opposite of well


Ex: He parked badly.


3. concerto x conserto


concerto de música


Ex: Nós vamos ao concerto de música no teatro municipal.


music concert


Ex: We’re going to the music concert at the municipal theater.


conserto é um substantivo do verbo reparar ou consertar


Ex: Quanto vai custar o concerto do carro?


repair is a noun from the verb to repair or to fix. 


Ex: How much is the car repair going to be?


4. cumprimento x comprimento


cumprimento do verbo cumprimentar ou substantivo = saudação


Ex: Eu sempre cumprimento meus vizinhos com bom dia ou boa noite.


from the verb to greet or a noun = greeting


Ex: I always greet my neighbors with a good morning or good evening.


comprimento = medida


Ex: Qual o comprimento do tapete?


a measure = length


Ex: What’s the length of the rug?


5. há x a


há do verbo haver – usado para falar sobre o passado


Ex: Eu trabalho aqui há dez anos.


for or since --from the verb there to be – used to talk about the past (It’s been)


Ex: I’ve worked here for ten years.


a – preposição – usada para falar do futuro


Ex: O motorista chegará daqui a meia hora.


ou – duração de tempo


Ex: Estamos aqui a duas horas. 


in/ for – preposition to talk about the future


Ex: The driver will arrive in half an hour.


or length of time


Ex: We’ve been here for two hours.

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learning portuguese for galego speakers http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/832/learning-portuguese-for-galego-speakers Mon, 13 Jul 2015 09:10:46 -0400 subzero 832@/community/discussions I would like to learn Brazilian portuguese and i speak spanish and galego as mother tonges.
Due to the fact that our languages are very similar to one another what will be the best way to learn the language and from what level?
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Bring, Take, Get, Fetch and a Quiz http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/806/bring-take-get-fetch-and-a-quiz Wed, 25 Mar 2015 19:16:44 -0400 Dulce1 806@/community/discussions The verb bring in Portuguese is the irregular trazer
Ex: Você pode trazer um pouco de leite? Can you bring some milk?
The verb take, levar, is regular:
Ex: Quem leva Pedro para escola? Who takes Peter to school?
Get in Portuguese is the irregular verb pegar.
Ex: Eu esqueci de pegar o recibo. I forgot to get the receipt. 
And finally, to fetch is the irregular buscar, which is used when you want to say go, get something and bring it back here. 
Ex: Mariana vai buscar o filho na escola. Mariana is going to fetch her son in school.
Now, put the one of the verbs above in the following sentences. The answers and translation are at the end.
levou, trouxe, pegou, buscar
1. Quem vai _____ as crianças na escola hoje?
2. O garçom _____ o café depois da sobremesa.
3. Ele _____ três malas para sua viagem à Europa.
4. Quantos peixes você _____? 
 Answers: 1-buscar (Who's going to pick the children up from school?); 2-trouxe (The waiter brought the coffee after the dessert.); 3-levou (He took three suitcases on his trip to Europe.); 4-pegou (How many fishes did you get?)
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Ficar - A Flexible Verb http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/801/ficar-a-flexible-verb- Thu, 05 Mar 2015 16:16:21 -0500 Dulce1 801@/community/discussions The irregular Portuguese verb ficar means to stay, to be (for locations), to become, to get and to remain. It can be used to express continuity with a verb in the gerund, and is a slang term that means to "make out" with someone.
Simple present
eu fico
você fica
ele / ela fica
nós ficamos
vocês ficam
eles / elas ficam
Preterite
eu fiquei
você ficou
ele/ ela ficou
nós ficamos
vocês ficaram
eles / elas ficaram
Here are some examples of the verb ficar used to express different meanings. Can you match the sentences with the translations? The answers are below.

1. Ontem ele ficou em casa. 
2. A minha casa fica perto daqui. 
3. A atriz ficou rica e famosa. 
4. O gerente fica bravo quando algo dá errado.
5. Os turistas ficaram no Rio durante uma semana. 
6. Ele fica sonhando acordado.
7. Eles ficaram na festa de sexta-feira.
Translations
a) Yesterday he stayed at home.
b) The actor became rich and famous.
c) The tourist remained in Rio for a week.
d) They made out at the party on Friday.
e) The manager gets angry when something goes wrong.
f) He's always daydreaming.
g) My house is near here.

Answers: 1-a; 2-g; 3-b; 4-e; 5-c; 6-f; 7-d



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Accents in Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/794/accents-in-portuguese Sun, 15 Feb 2015 13:26:42 -0500 Dulce1 794@/community/discussions You will see many accented words in Portuguese. Here's a quick list:
 ~ (til) used to give a vowel a nasal sound. Compare the a in mau, bad [mah, oo] with the a in mão, hand [mown]
` (crase) used to signal the union of a+a, the article a and the definite article the . For example, eu vou à praia, I'm going to the beach. This accent does not change the sound of the vowel.
' (agudo, acute) used to change the sound of a vowel from closed to open. For example, seu, your [CEHoo] / céu, sky [as CEHoo but the e is pronounced like the a in apple]. 
The acute accent is also used to mark a stress in the syllable. For example, impossível, impossible.
^ (circunflexo, circumflex) also marks the stress in a syllable without changing the pronunciation of a vowel as in você, you.
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Pronunciation of Vowel Combinations in Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/793/pronunciation-of-vowel-combinations-in-portuguese Sun, 15 Feb 2015 13:04:16 -0500 Dulce1 793@/community/discussions Portuguese has many words with two or three vowels such as céu, seu, água, mau, sky, your(s), water and bad respectively.
Here's a list so you can practice how to pronounce these combinations.
vai, you go = ai as in aisle
mau, bad = ou as in out
lei, law = ey as in they
idéia, idea = ay in day
eu, me = ey of they plus u of flute
céu, sky = similar as above but with open e
ia, was going = ya as in yard
fiéisloyal (plural) = ye as in yes
fiel, loyal = similar as above but with closed e
tio, uncle = yo as in yoke
piu, tweet = e plus u of flute
depois, after = oy as in boy
faróis, headlights = similar as above but with open o
vou, I go = ou as in soul
lua, moon = wah, like ua in quadrangle
suéter, sweater = we as in wet
fui, I went = like the u in lute + e
suo, your(s) = u in lute + oh

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Informal Expressions in Brazilian Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/775/informal-expressions-in-brazilian-portuguese Thu, 11 Dec 2014 11:58:40 -0500 Dulce1 775@/community/discussions Below is a small list with other informal expressions commonly used in Brazil.
E aí? [eh AH ee] What's up? (literally: and there?)
Valeu! [vah leh oo] Thanks! (literally: it was worth it)
Vamos lá! [vah moos LAH] Let's do this! (literally: let's go there)
Falou [fah LOW] Thanks or OK (literally: it's been said)
Nem vem (NEHeinVEHein] Don't bother me or I disagree (literally: don't even come)
Puxa! [POOsha] Wow! (literally: pull)
Nossa! [NOHssah] Wow or Unbelievable (literally: our)
Ah vai! [AH VAHee] No way or yeah, right (literally: ah, go)

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Brazilian Portuguese Book: Word Recall http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/767/brazilian-portuguese-book-word-recall Thu, 20 Nov 2014 17:27:14 -0500 Dulce1 767@/community/discussions Also, be sure to keep and additional vocabulary notebook where you write a new word, its meaning, tips on how to pronounce it and the translation. Go through this list on a regular basis to make sure you remember what the words mean. Using flashcards is another strategy that works very well for leaning new words.
Mas não esqueça de revisar para memorizar! But don't forget to review to memorize! 
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Brazilian Portuguese Book: Quizzes http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/766/brazilian-portuguese-book-quizzes- Thu, 20 Nov 2014 17:10:57 -0500 Dulce1 766@/community/discussions In the Intermediate and Advanced books, quizzes come after each Unit. Every unit contains 4 lessons that build on each other.
The Intermediate level comes with 5 units, therefore, 5 quizzes and the Advanced Level contains 4 units, and 4 quizzes.
Quizzes are important benchmarks and tell you how well you're dpoing or what you should review before progressing to a new lesson or unit.
Be sure to take them and share your results on Living Language Facebook site!
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Brazilian Portuguese Book: Take It Further http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/765/brazilian-portuguese-book-take-it-further- Thu, 20 Nov 2014 16:56:16 -0500 Dulce1 765@/community/discussions Take It Further sections add the following: 
*extra information on the main grammar point of the lesson;
*an additional grammar point not discussed previously;
*cultural tips;
*language learning tips;
*additional vocabulary related to the lesson;
*amusing information.
Take It Further sections have been sprinkled throughout the book to resemble answers to those additional questions every student learning a foreign language might make in a live classroom setting. They are concise but boost your knowledge of Portuguese. Aproveite! Enjoy!




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Portuguese Words of English Origin http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/764/portuguese-words-of-english-origin Mon, 17 Nov 2014 13:55:20 -0500 Dulce1 764@/community/discussions
Portuguese - English
bangalô - bungalow
basquetebol - basketball
blecaute - blackout
bife - beef
boxe - boxing
clipe - clip
coquetel - cocktail
esporte - sport
estresse - stress
folclore - folklore
futebol - football
nailon - nylon
nocaute - knockout
picape - pickup
piquenique - picnic
repórter - reporter
suéter - sweater
tênis - tennis
voleibol - volleyball
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Similar Portuguese and English Words http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/763/similar-portuguese-and-english-words- Mon, 17 Nov 2014 13:36:36 -0500 Dulce1 763@/community/discussions



You can read in the blog section a post on English and Portuguese false friends, in which you learn how some words that look the same in these two languages have different meanings.

To complement that list, here’s another list with some English and Portuguese words that share the same origin and have the same meaning:

Portuguese - English

albatroz - albatross

albino - albino

banana - banana

bufalo - buffalo

caramel - caramel

flamingo - flamingo

marmelada - marmelade

piranha - piranha

samba - samba

varanda - veranda

zebra - zebra

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Preposition "de" - Part 2 http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/760/preposition-de-part-2 Wed, 29 Oct 2014 12:11:25 -0400 Dulce1 760@/community/discussions




The Portuguese preposition de not only contracts with the articles a, o, as, os, the, but also with demonstratives.


Look at the following examples:


este, esta, estes, estas (this / these) = deste, desta, destes, destas


esse, essa, esses, essas (that / those) = desse, dessa, desses, dessas


aquele, aquela, aqueles, aquelas (that / those) = daquele, daquela, daqueles, daquelas


isto, isso, aquilo (neutral this / that)


Now, let’s look at some examples of how these contractions are used:


Eu não gosto deste livro.  I don’t like this book.


Ele gosta dessa jaqueta. He likes that jacket.


Carlos vem de Buenos Aires. Quem mais vem daquela cidade? Carlos comes from Buenos Aires. Who else comes from that city?


O gato saiu desta ou daquela porta? Did the cat come out through this or that door?


Nós precisamos desses relatórios para amanhã. We need these reports for tomorrow.


Ela comeu um pouco disso e um pouco daquilo. She ate a bit of this and a bit of that.


The preposition de can also contract with the adverb aqui (here) and alí (there) to form:


daqui, dali.


Muitos habitantes de São Paulo não vêm daqui. Many of São Paulo’s inhabitants don’t come from here.


Eu peguei este garfo dali. I got this fork from there

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Preposition: De http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/758/preposition-de- Mon, 13 Oct 2014 16:32:58 -0400 Dulce1 758@/community/discussions The Portuguese preposition de (of, from) contracts with the feminine article a to form da and with the masculino article o to form do.
In the sentence eu gosto de pizza, I like pizza, the speaker expresses a general fondness for pizza. If the speaker wants to be specific, he or she can say, for example, eu gosto da pizza que a minha avó faz, I like the pizza my grandmother  makes. Therefore, the preposition de is used when expressing general likes or dislikes or when referring to general nouns. 
Here are some more examples:
Ele anda de bicicleta. He rides a bicycle. 
Ele caiu da bicicleta. He fell off the bicycle.
Você precisa de um selo para o cartão postal? Do you need a stamp for the post-card?
Você precisa do seu passaporte para embarcar. You need your passport to board. 
Also, remember that the preposition de forms contractions with the plural articles as and os to form das and dos.
Examples:
Alberto vem dos Estados Unidos. Alberto comes from the United States.
Esse present é das minhas amigas, Mônica e Ana. This is gift is from my friends Monica and Ana. 


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Verb Gostar, to Like http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/746/verb-gostar-to-like Sat, 27 Sep 2014 15:03:34 -0400 Dulce1 746@/community/discussions gostar, to like, is that it is always followed by the preposition de (of, from) when expressing general likes or dislikes.
Examples:
Eu gosto de ler. I like to read.
Cachorros gostam de ossos. Dogs like bones.
Brasileiros não gostam de frio. Brazilians don't like the cold.

When expressing a specific like or dislike, the preposition de is followed by an article, and a contraction occurs.
Examples:
Eu gosto do seu livro. I like your book.
Você gosta da minha casa nova? Do you like my new house?
Quem gostou dos sanduíches que eles serviram? Who liked the sandwiches they served?

It's also important to note that de can form contractions with demonstratives [este(s), esta(a), esse(s), essa(s), aquela(s), aquele(s), isto, isso, aquilo].
Examples:
As crianças não gostaram daqueles desenhos. The children didn't like those cartoons.
Quantas pessoas gostaram deste evento? How may people liked this event?
Ele gostou disso? Did he like this?

For more on the verb gostar, go to Lesson 10 in the Essential Brazilian Portuguese. 

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Pronouncing "s" in Portuguese http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/744/pronouncing-s-in-portuguese Fri, 26 Sep 2014 12:29:35 -0400 Dulce1 744@/community/discussions s in Brazilian Portuguese depending on where it appears in a word.
1. When s appears between vowels, like in rosa, rose, it sounds like a z.
2. When s comes before a voiced consonant (a consonant sound produced with a vibration of the cords:b, d, ge, gi, j, l, m ,n ,r, v, z), as in esboço, sketch, the s tends to be pronounced like the z in azure.
3. Before a voiceless consonant (a consonant sound produced without a vibration of the vocal cords: hard c, g, f, p, qu, t) and in the final positions, it can be pronounced like the s in see, as in estados, states; or it can sound like the sh in shine in Portugal and in Rio de Janeiro.
4. When s is in initial positions, or after a consonant, it sounds like the s in see, as in sopa, soup.
5. When s comes with another s, it is pronounced like the English ss in passage, passagem, ticket

Can you put the following words in the correct category? The answers are below.
a. Pascoa (Easter) _____
b. assumir (to assume) _____
c. casado (married) _____
d. responder (to answer) _____
e. asma (asthma) _____
Answers: a.3; b.5; c.1; d.2; e. 4; 
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The pronoun te http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/743/the-pronoun-te Fri, 26 Sep 2014 11:57:09 -0400 Dulce1 743@/community/discussions eu, você, ele, ela, nós, vocês, eles, elas. In Portugal instead of você, tu is used and the verb must agree accordingly (see more on http://www.livinglanguage.com/blog/2013/06/11/differences-in-brazilian-and-european-portuguese-and-tu-vs-voce/). 
Even though a couple of regions in Brazil still use the subject pronoun tu in informal spoken Portuguese with the verb conjugated in the third person, even in Portugal, the use of tu is decreasing and você has started to  show up more frequently.
The object pronoun te, used with the second person singular tu, however, shows no signs of being replaced. And although it is grammatically incorrect to use te when the verb is in the third person and agrees with você, this is precisely what happens in spoken Portuguese in Brazil. 
So don't correct your love interest when he or she says: eu te amo, instead of eu amo você, I love you
Here are some more examples of te in everyday spoken Portuguese: 
Nós te telefonamos mais tarde. We'll call you later.
Ela te espera no hotel. She'll wait for you at the hotel.
Quem te mandou estas flores? Who sent you these flowers.




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Feminine or Masculine http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/735/feminine-or-masculine Thu, 18 Sep 2014 11:20:17 -0400 Dulce1 735@/community/discussions Nouns in Portuguese have genders. You can usually tell from the last letter in a noun if the word is feminine or masculine. Words that end in a are normally feminine and those that end in o are masculine. 
That however is not always true. Here's a list of words that have irregular feminine/masculine ending.
Some nouns that end in a are masculine:
Examples
dia (m.) - O dia está lindo. It's a beautiful day.
poeta (m.) - O meu poeta favorito é Manuel Bandeira. My favorite poet is Manuel                 Bandeira.
Some nouns that end in e or a are both masculine and feminine.
Examples:
estudante (m.or f.) - Carlos é um bom estudante mas Janaina não é uma boa estudante. Carlos is a good student but Janaina isn't a good student.
colega (m. or f.) - O meu colega, Felipe, e a minha colega, Ana, chegaram. My            colleague,Felipe, and my colleague, Ana, are here. 
Usually nouns that end in l are masculine.
Examples:
jornal (m.) - Eu compro o jornal todos os dias. I buy the newspaper everyday.
hotel (m.) - Qual o seu hotel favorito? What's your favorite hotel
Usually nouns ending in e are masculine.
leite (m.) - O leite de cabra é bom? Is goat milk good?
residente (m.) - Quem é o residente do apartamento 21? Who is the resident in apartment 21?
In case you are unsure, you can consult a dictionary. Try this one: http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/ 


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Portuguese Irregular Verbs http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/732/portuguese-irregular-verbs Mon, 15 Sep 2014 16:35:20 -0400 Dulce1 732@/community/discussions Many irregular verbs in Portuguese correspond to verbs that
are also irregular in English. These are some of the oldest and most commonly
used verbs in everyday communication.



Examples of Portuguese irregular verbs that are also
irregular in English:

darto give



dizer to say



dormirto sleep



estarto be



fazerto make / to do



irto go



lerto read



pôrto put



saberto know



sairto go out / to leave



sentirto feel



serto be



trazerto bring



terto have



verto see



virto come



A good way to remember which verbs are irregular is by
making a list that contains the English translation before the conjugation when
the verbs are irregular in both languages. That way you can remember that ir, to
go,
is irregular in Portuguese as in English.



For example: ir
to goeu vou, você vai, ele/ela vai, nós vamos, vocês vão, eles vão.



Now do the same for the verbs in the list above and you’ll
see that in no time you’ll have these verbs down pat. 



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Numbers One and Two http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/710/numbers-one-and-two Mon, 18 Aug 2014 17:09:20 -0400 Dulce1 710@/community/discussions The numbers um, one and dois, two in Portuguese have gender and plural forms.
um, uma, uns, umas
dois, duas
Example:
Um livro, dois livros - one book, two books
uma casa, duas casas - one house, two houses
uns livros, some books
umas casas, some houses
These numbers also have gender and plural forms when they're part of a larger figure.
Example:
vinte e um carros, trinta e duas casas - 21 cars, 32 houses.

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Ordinal Numbers http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/709/ordinal-numbers Mon, 18 Aug 2014 16:59:40 -0400 Dulce1 709@/community/discussions In Portuguese números ordinais, ordinal numbers, or numbers that describe the order or sequence of something agree in gender and number with the nouns.
Example: 
Ele comprou o quito livro. He bought the fifth book.
Você prefere sentar-se na segunda ou terceira fila? Would you rather sit on the second or third row?
Nós queremos duas das primeiras mesas e quatro dos segundos bancos. We want two the first tables and four of the second benches. 
The abbreviation symbol used is the superscript º.
Example:
Eu moro no 24º andar. I live on the 24th floor.
In Portuguese all numbers in a figure are ordinal.
Example:
vigésimo terceiro, 23rd
centésimo quinquagésimo quinto, 155th 

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Question Words with Prepositions http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/694/question-words-with-prepositions Thu, 07 Aug 2014 17:39:17 -0400 Dulce1 694@/community/discussions Some question words in Portuguese must be preceded by a preposition. This happens when the verb requires a preposition, as in eu gosto de sorvete, I like ice-cream. The verb to like, gostar de, is always followed by the preposition de (of). 
In such cases the preposition comes before the question word and not at the end like in English. 
Look at some examples.
De quem você gosta? Who do you like?
De onde ele vem? Where does he come from?
Para onde você vai? Where are you going to?
Para quem ela mandou o email? Who did she send the email to?
Com o que eu devo cortar o bolo? What should I cut the cake with?


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Review Question Words http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/693/review-question-words Thu, 07 Aug 2014 17:27:20 -0400 Dulce1 693@/community/discussions Portuguese question words come at the beginning of the sentence, like in English, but they don't need auxiliaries, such as do, does or did.
Here's a list of some of the main question words with examples.
Quem - Who
Quem é o seu melhor amigo? Who's your best friend?
Como - How
Como está a sua mãe? How's your mother?
Quando - When
Quando você volta para casa? When do you go back home?
Onde - Where
Onde ela mora? Where does she live?
O que - What
O que ele come de manhã? What does he eat in the morning? 


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Some Idiomatic Expressions with Quem - Who http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/660/some-idiomatic-expressions-with-quem-who Mon, 28 Jul 2014 18:30:15 -0400 Dulce1 660@/community/discussions * quem sabe = maybe 
Example: 
Pedro: Quando você quer ir ao cinema comigo? When do you want to go to the movies with me?
Jessica: Quem sabe amanhã. Maybe tomorrow.
* quem me dera = I wish
Example: 
Mulher: O senhor é o diretor? Woman: Are you the director?
Homem: Quem me dera!  Man: I wish!
* quem pode pode (informal) - used to express awe at someone's financial or professional success.
Example: 
Monica: Eu vou viajar para a Europa por seis meses. I'm traveling to Europe for six months.
Sandra: Que legal! Quem pode pode! Cool!  You were born with a silver spoon in your mouth!






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The Demonstratives Isto, Isso and Aquilo http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/654/the-demonstratives-isto-isso-and-aquilo Thu, 24 Jul 2014 10:28:30 -0400 Dulce1 654@/community/discussions Demonstratives are words that point to something. In English, this and these point to something near and that and those to something far. In Portuguese, as seen in the previous discussion: este(a) = this / estes(as) = these / esse(a) and aquele(a) = that / esses(as) and aqueles(as) = those.
The demonstratives isto, isso and aquilo have a similar function, but are used when the speaker doesn't know if what is being referred to is masculine or feminine. In that case, the neuter, invariable forms isto (this thing here), isso (that thing there, close to you) and aquilo (that thing over there) are used. 
Examples:
O que é isto na calçada? What's this on the sidewalk?
O que é isso no pára-brisa do seu carro? What's that on the windshield of your car?
O que é aquilo flutuando no mar? What's that floating on the sea?
For more on demonstratives, go to Brazilian Portuguese Essential Lesson 8.

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Difference Bewtween the Demonstratives Este and Esse http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/651/difference-bewtween-the-demonstratives-este-and-esse Thu, 17 Jul 2014 17:38:11 -0400 Dulce1 651@/community/discussions Because the demonstratives este and esse and related feminine and plural forms are similar in spelling and pronunciation, students and sometimes even native speakers tend to mix them up. Read the differences below, but also bear in mind that in informal, spoken Portuguese the differences tend to disappear and either can be used. 
Este (m., sing) = this / Estes (m., pl.) = these
Esta (f., sing) = this / Estas (f., pl.) = these
The demonstratives este(s) and esta(s) refer to something that is near both the speaker and the person spoken to.They are equivalent to this and these.
Este café está ótimo. This coffee is great. 
Quanto custam estas camisetas? How much are these t-shirts?
Esse (m., sing) = that / Esses (m., pl.) = those
Essa (f., sing) = that / Essas (f., pl.) = those
The demonstratives esse(s) and essa(s) refer to something that is near or related to the person being spoken to, but not near the speaker. They are equivalent to that and those.
Onde você comprou esse livro que você está lendo? Where did you buy that book you're reading?
Essa menina é sua filha? Is that girl your daughter? 
It's important to note that Portuguese also has the forms aquele(s) and aquela(s) to refer to something that is far from both the speaker and the person being spoken to. They are also the equivalent to the English that and those.
Aquelas casas na rua de trás são lindas. Those houses on the street back there are beautiful.




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M and N http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/622/m-and-n Fri, 13 Jun 2014 17:23:19 -0400 Dulce1 622@/community/discussions When the consonants "m" and "n" are in the middle of a word, they are used to make the preceding vowel nasal.
Example: cama (bed)  is pronounced [come AH]. Compare with cabo (cable), which is pronounce [KAH buh].
Likewise, in lente (lens) / the "n" makes the "e" sound nasal and is pronounced [LAIN tee]. Compare to leite (milk), pronounced [LAY tee].
It's important to note that although there are exceptionally few words in portuguese that end in "n", when a word ends in "m", it is pronounced as an "n".
Example: batom (lipstick) is pronounced [bah TON].

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O senhor, a senhora and você http://livinglanguage.com/community/discussion/621/o-senhor-a-senhora-and-voce Fri, 13 Jun 2014 16:13:20 -0400 Dulce1 621@/community/discussions Portuguese uses o senhor (masculine) and a senhora (feminine) instead of você to make sentences formal. Note, though, that the verb is conjugated the same as when você is used.
Example:
Como você se chama? What's your name? (informal)
Como o senhor se chama? What's your name? (formal, masc.)
Como a senhora se chama? What's your name? (formal, fem.)
Você está no quarto 304. You're in room 304. (informal)
A senhora está no quarto 304. You're in room 304. (formal, fem.)
Eu telefono para você amanhã. I'll call you tomorrow. (informal)
Eu telefono para o senhor amanhã. I'll call you tomorrow. (formal)

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